Introduction: Use of an adhesive with a suitable composite resin is an important factor in tooth-colored restorations and increasing marginal sealing ability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of various adhesives with composite resins using FLUID filtration and dye extraction techniques and assessment of the correlation between these two techniques.Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, class II cavities were prepared on the proximal surfaces of 48 extracted sound human premolar teeth, measuring 1.5±0.5 mm in gingival width, 4 mm in occluso-gingival height and 1.3 of the inter-cuspal distance in width. The samples were divided into four groups (n=12). Group 1; OptiBond Solo Plus adhesive/Herculite XRV composite resin; Group 2: OptiBond Solo Plus adhesive/Master Dent composite resin; Group 3: Prime & Bond NT adhesive/Herculite XRV composite resin; Group 4: Prime & Bond NT adhesive/Master Dent composite resin. Microleakage was assessed primarily by FLUID filtration and then by dye extraction techniques. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests, with Bonferroni correction and Spearman's rho correlation test at 95% confidence interval.Results: The minimum and maximum mean microleakage values were recorded in FLUID filtration and dye extraction techniques groups 1 and 4, respectively. There were significant differences between the experimental groups in microleakage with the two methods of leakage assessment (p value=0.001). Spearman's rho revealed a strongly direct correlation between the two methods (r=0.797, p value=0.000).Conclusion: In both methods of microleakage assessment, use of ethanol-based in comparison to acetone-based adhesive resulted in microleakage reduction. Application of light-cured composite resin contrary to self-cured composite resin with both types of adhesives increased marginal sealing ability.

In this paper, we have presented a power law scaling Kaluza-Klein cosmological MODEL dominated by two interacting perfect FLUID components during expansion. Barotropic equations of state for pressure and density are considered to get determinate solutions of the field equations. We have shown that the components are not conserved separately because of mutual interaction between the two FLUIDs, and the energy densities are proportional to 1/t2.

Variable fill FLUID couplings are used in the speed control units. Also, variation in coupling oil volume is used in adapting one size of coupling to a wider range of power transmission applications. Available MODEL for the partially filled FLUID couplings, has a good performance for couplings with fixed amount of oil but their performance will be degraded if they are used for the variable fill couplings. In this paper, the current MODEL for partially filled FLUID couplings is modified to have better performance for variable fill couplings. For this purpose, the circulation loss calculation is modified and also, the effect of oil temperature variations and blade thickness are included in the MODEL. The effect of these modification on the MODEL performance are investigated in couple of simulations. Comparing the simulation results with the available experimental data shows that the suggested modifications can improve the MODEL performance very well.

Background: The diagnostic and therapeutic uses of lead aVR in coronary artery disease, especially LAD stenosis, are very important in evidence-based nursing. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and performance of nurses in applying lead aVR. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 88 nurses working in critical care units were enrolled. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, which assessed the knowledge and performance of nurses. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 16) using t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test, and correlation coeffi cient test. Results: The mean score of nurses’ knowledge was 19. 6  5. 1 (out of 60) and the majority (53. 4%) had an undesirable knowledge level. The mean score of nurses’ performance was 17. 3  1. 1 (out of 60) and the majority (67%) had an undesirable performance. Moreover, the performance score raised as work experience increased (P = 0. 01; r = 0. 6). Conclusions: Given the inappropriate knowledge and performance levels of nurses concerning lead aVR application, it is recommended to modify the educational content and implement new educational methods in order to increase the knowledge and performance of nurses in this regard.

Plant development can be defined as a programmed qualitative change in plant form, which leads plant to maturity, and researchers call it as phasic development or phenology. Recognizing the timing of occurring each development stage is necessary for managing system in order to yield increment. The timing of occurring development stages depend on climate, genotype specifications and sowing date then determination of these times in different regions is difficult and it is only possible through the using of crop simulation MODELs which can predict the timing of occurrence each development stage by integrating effective factors. The MODEL was constructed based on linear equation of plant temperature response. In order to MODEL evaluation two experiments were carried out in agricultural and natural resources research center of Khuzistan in 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 cropping years. Wheat development stages were determined based on Kirby and Appleyard’s scale by stereoscopic microscope and required GDD for each development stage as well. The constructed MODEL was calibrated and run for simulation. Comparison of simulated and observed data showed that the MODEL can strongly predict wheat development stages.

A two FLUID MODEL (TFM) was used to study gas-solid heat transfer in a riser with different inclination angles. A two dimensional pipe with 5. 8 cm internal diameter and 5 meter length was chosen. Effect of bed angle and solid particles feed rate were studied on the heat transfer behavior of gas and solid particles. Obtained results from simulation are compared with the experimental data in the relevant literature. Heat transfer behavior of phases is different in an inclined pipe in comparison with vertical and horizontal pipes. It is found that higher air-solid Nusselt number, air temperature difference and particle temperature difference take place at the pipe with inclination angle equal to 45 degrees. Loading ratio enhancement increases gas temperature differences. At lower and higher loading ratio, particles temperature differences decreases and increases respectively with loading ratio enhancement.

Today, one of the most widely used natural language representation methods is meaning representation for text processing in different systems. Meaning representation methods have had many applications in the field of natural language processing in recent years, including automatic text summarization systems and question and answer systems, etc. Many text expressions may be different in terms of grammatical structure, but they are the same in terms of meaning, so how to apply a single and uniform meaning to them is one of the challenges of text processing. The main goal of this paper is to design an Integrated Semantic Representation (ISR) MODEL for natural language. The proposed MODEL, while maintaining its simplicity in annotation and understanding, does not depend on specific natural language features or on syntactic and lexical structure. In this regard, several examples in both English and Persian language, which have different in terms of written and grammatical structure, are presented in this paper. Moreover, by using the proposed MODEL, the same representation is provided for texts with the same meaning and different grammatical structure. The proposed MODEL is designed in graph and list format is recommended to annotate its corpuses. One of the main features of this MODEL is that it can represent semantic relations at both sentence-level and document-level and is able to represent complex and important linguistic phenomena such as aspect, tense, and quantification. The simplicity of the proposed MODEL helps to avoid making language processing slow or complicated in various applications, and the preparation of structures based on this MODEL for different natural languages will not be too complicated, so that it can be used both for natural languages with low resources and for those with various resources. Further, features of the proposed MODEL are compared with one of the most important related works.